You’re born with two kidneys. They’re on either side of your spine, just above your waist. Kidney disease can affect your body’s ability to clean your blood, filter extra water out of your blood, and help control your blood pressure. It can also affect red blood cell production and vitamin D metabolism needed for bone health.When your kidneys are damaged, waste products and fluid can build up in your body. That can cause swelling in your ankles, nausea, weakness, poor sleep, and shortness of breath. Without treatment, the damage can get worse and your kidneys may eventually stop working. That’s serious, and it can be life-threatening.
Your kidneys are very adaptable. They can compensate for some of the problems that can happen when you have kidney disease. So if your kidney damage gets worse slowly, your symptoms will reveal themselves slowly over time. In fact, you may not feel symptoms until your disease is advanced.
if You have:
High blood pressure
Nausea and vomiting
Loss of appetite
A metallic taste in your mouth
Fatigue
Weakness
Trouble thinking
Sleep issues
Muscle twitches and cramps
Swelling in your feet and ankles
Itching that won't go away
Chest pain, if fluid builds up around the lining of the heart
Most found in
people with other chronic conditions, including diabetes, high blood pressure, and recurrent kidney infections
The term kidney disease indicate to three main conditions:
Nephritis
Nephrotic syndrome
Nephrosis
Each of three main conditions is the result of unique conditions or diseases.
Nephritis (kidney inflammation) can result from an infection, a medication you’re taking, or an autoimmune disorder.
Nephrotic syndrome is a condition that causes your kidneys to generating high levels of protein in your urine. It’s often the result of kidney harms.
Nephrosis is a kind of kidney disease that ultimately can lead to kidney failure. It’s also often the result of damage to the kidneys from either physical or chemical changes.
There are two main types of kidney disease - The two main types of kidney disease are acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease. Most people recover fully from acute kidney injury disease, but it can increase their risk of developing a chronic kidney disease later in life
Acute kidney injury (short-term)
An acute kidney injury is the temporary loss of kidney capability enduring under 90 days. It normally has a quick beginning, because of a physical issue or sickness influencing the kidneys, drugs, blockages of the kidney or numerous different variables. Certain individuals will require a short course of dialysis to assist their kidneys with recuperating.
Many individuals completely recover from an acute kidney injury and proceed to carry on with a typical life. In any case, in the event that critical harm has been caused, there is a higher risk of creating constant (or continuous) kidney sickness later on.
Along these , if you have had an acute kidney injury, it's vital to monitor the strength of your kidneys until the end of your life appropriately. One method for doing this is by keeping steady over your eating regimen and nutrition . You should also have your kidney function checked every two years by your GP
Acute kidney disease causes:If your kidneys suddenly stop working, doctors call it acute kidney injury or acute renal failure. The main causes are:
Not enough blood flow to the kidneys
Direct damage to the kidneys
Urine backed up in the kidneys
Those things can happen when you:
Have a traumatic injury with blood loss, such as in a car wreck
Are dehydrated or your muscle tissue breaks down, sending too much protein into your bloodstream
Go into shock because you have a severe infection called sepsis
Have an enlarged prostate that blocks your urine flow
Take certain drugs or are around certain toxins that directly damage the kidney
Have complications during a pregnancy, such as eclampsia and preeclampsia
Autoimmune diseases -- when your immune system attacks your body -- can also cause an acute kidney injury.
People with severe heart or liver failure commonly go into acute kidney injury as well.
Chronic kidney disease (lifelong)
Chronic kidney illness happens when your kidneys have been harmed in a manner that can't be switched. To be determined to have an ongoing kidney sickness, the condition should have been available for something like three months.
You can carry on with a typical life for a long time with chronic kidney infection. however, many individuals will experience a proceeded with decrease in their kidney's capacity to channel their blood and will ultimately require kidney replacement treatment. This might be as dialysis or a kidney transplant.
There are many potential causes for chronic kidney diseases, including genetics, infection, immune disorders that attack your kidneys, diabetes, and high blood pressure.
There are five different types of kidney failure. Acute kidney failure occurs when your kidney suddenly stops working properly. Chronic kidney failure occurs over time.
The five types of kidney failure include:
•Acute prerenal renal failure: Insufficient renal blood flow can lead to acute prerenal renal failure. The kidneys cannot filter toxins from the blood without sufficient blood flow. This type of kidney failure usually improves when the cause of the drop in blood flow is identified.
• Acute internal renal failure:Acute internal renal failure can be the result of a direct kidney injury, such as a physical shock or accident. Other causes include too many toxins and ischemia, which is a lack of oxygen to the kidneys. Ischemia can cause heavy bleeding, shock, renal artery blockage, and glomerulonephritis, a condition in which small arteries form in your kidney.
• Chronic prerenal renal failure: If not enough blood flows into your kidney for a long time, the kidney will start to shrink and lose its function.
• Chronic intense renal failure: This occurs when chronic kidney damage occurs due to internal kidney disease. Internal kidney disease develops from direct kidney injury, such as heavy bleeding or lack of oxygen.
• Chronic postrenal renal failure: Prolonged urinary tract obstruction can prevent urination. This causes pressure and eventually kidney damage.
Sign of kidney failure
Renal failure in the early stages usually does not cause any noticeable symptoms. According to a credible source from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), up to 90 percent of people with chronic kidney disease do not know they have it.
As kidney disease progresses, possible symptoms may include:
• reduction in the amount of urine
• Swelling of the legs, knees and feet due to fluid retention due to kidney failure in wastewater disposal
• Unexplained shortness of breath
• Excessive sleepiness or tiredness
• Permanent wear
• Petting
• Chest pain or pressure
• Attacks
• Coma
Early signs of kidney failure
Symptoms of early-stage kidney disease may be difficult to determine. They are often inconspicuous and difficult to identify. If you notice the first signs of kidney disease, this may include:
• Reduced urine output
• swelling of the arms due to fluid retention
• shortness of breath
Color of urine in kidney failure The color of your urine is a small window into the health of your body. It will not tell you much about the condition of your kidneys until the kidney damage has progressed.
However, changes in urine color can be a warning sign for some problems.
• Clear or light yellow. Clear or light yellow urine indicates that you are well hydrated. This is the ideal color in most cases.
• Dark yellow or amber. You may become dehydrated. Try to drink plenty of water and limit black soda, tea or coffee.
• Orange. It may be a sign of dehydration or it may be a sign of bile in your bloodstream. Kidney disease is usually not the cause.
• Pink or red. Urine that is pink or slightly red may contain blood. Some foods, such as beets or strawberries, can also be the cause. A quick urine test can tell the difference.
• Bubble. Urine with too many bubbles is a sign that it probably contains a lot of protein. Protein in the urine is a sign of kidney disease.
Urine color may increase the symptoms of possible problems. Learn about common causes of color and what is likely to affect the hue of your urine.
Causes of kidney failure
Kidney failure can be the result of many conditions or causes. According to the National Kidney Foundation, the two most common causes are high blood pressure and diabetes.
People who are most at risk usually have one or more of the following.
Loss of blood flow to the kidneys
Sudden loss of blood flow to the kidneys can lead to kidney failure. Some conditions that cause loss of blood flow to the kidneys are:
• heart attack
• heart disease
• liver failure or liver failure
• dehydration
• severe burns
• allergic reactions
• serious infections such as sepsis
High blood pressure and anti-inflammatory drugs can also reduce blood flow. Urinary excretion problems
If your body cannot excrete urine, toxins will accumulate and your kidneys will be overweight. Some cancers can block the urinary tract, such as:
• The prostate, according to the American Cancer Society, is the most common type in men
• colon
• cervical
• blow Other conditions can interfere with urine and possibly lead to kidney failure, including:
• Kidney stones
• enlarged prostate
• blood clots in your urinary tract
• damage to the nerves that control your bladder Other factors Other factors that can lead to kidney failure are:
Blood clot in or around the kidneys
• infections
• heavy metal poisoning
• drugs and alcohol
• vasculitis, inflammation of the blood vessels
• lupus, an autoimmune disease that can cause inflammation of many organs in the body
• glomerulonephritis, inflammation of the small blood vessels in the kidneys
• haemolytic uraemic syndrome, which involves the breakdown of red blood cells after a bacterial infection, usually in the gut
• multiple myeloma, a cancer of the plasma cells in your bones
• scleroderma, an autoimmune disease that affects the skin
• thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, a disease that causes swelling of the blood vessels in small blood vessels
• chemotherapeutic drugs that treat cancer and some autoimmune diseases
• Dyes used in some imaging tests
• some antibiotics
• uncontrolled diabetes
Prevention of kidney failure You can take steps to reduce the risk of kidney failure.
Follow the instructions when taking over-the-counter drugs. Taking too high a dose, even with regular medications such as aspirin, can produce high levels of the toxin in a short period of time. It can overload your kidneys.
Many kidney or urinary tract diseases can lead to kidney failure if they are poorly managed. You can also help reduce the risk of kidney failure:
• Maintaining a healthy lifestyle
• take prescription medicines and do not take more medicines than is safe
• Maintain conditions such as diabetes and high blood pressure, follow well and follow your doctor's advice
If you are concerned about the health of your kidneys, do not hesitate to contact your doctor.
The treatment of kidney failure is determined by the cause and extent of the problem. Treating your chronic condition can slow the progression of kidney disease. If your kidneys are slowly losing their function, your doctor may use one or more methods to monitor your health. If you look closely, your doctor can help keep your kidneys as functional as possible.
Your doctor may measure kidney function:
• Regular blood tests
• Check blood pressure
• Medication
Other types of kidney disease can be treated. The goal of these treatments is to alleviate the symptoms, help prevent the disease from getting worse and reduce complications. In some cases, your treatment may help restore some function to your kidneys. Chronic kidney disease cannot be cured.
The plan for you and your doctor will depend on the cause of your kidney disease. In some cases, even if the cause of your condition is under control, your kidney disease will get worse.
Once your kidneys are able to process the waste themselves, treatment for the ultimate kidney disease awaits you.
There are two types:
• Hemodialysis, in which the device removes waste and excess fluids from the blood
• Peritoneal dialysis, which involves inserting a thin tube called a catheter into your abdomen. Then a solution enters your stomach that absorbs the dirt and fluid. After a while, the solution drains from your body.
Kidney transplantation
The surgeon will replace your kidney with a healthy donor kidney. This donor can be life or death. After the procedure, you will take medicines for the rest of your life to ensure that your body does not reject your new kidney.
Treatment
There are many treatment options for kidney failure. The type of treatment you need will depend on the cause of your kidney failure and also on the stage.
Dialysis
Dialysis filters and purifies blood using the device. The machine performs the function of the kidneys. Depending on the type of dialysis, you can be connected to a large device or a portable catheter. During dialysis, you should follow a low-potassium, low-salt diet.
Dialysis does not cure kidney failure, but it can prolong your life if you go to treatment regularly.
Kidney transplantation
Another treatment option is a kidney transplant. The transplanted kidney can be fully functional, so you no longer need dialysis.
It usually takes a long time to receive a donor kidney that is compatible with your body. If you have a living donor, the process can be much faster.
Transplant surgery may not be the right treatment option for everyone. It is also possible that the operation will not be successful.
After surgery, you should take immunosuppressive drugs to prevent your body from rejecting a new kidney. These drugs have their own side effects, some of which can be serious. If you are a good candidate for a kidney transplant, talk to your doctor.
Lifestyle changes
Reducing your alcohol intake and making some dietary changes can help prevent your kidney failure from continuing with a serious illness.
Reduce alcohol consumption
If you have kidney disease and drink alcohol, your kidneys will be forced to work harder than before. Alcohol is not metabolized from your system, so you will feel its effects until you get dialysis to filter it out of the bloodstream.
Beer, beer and wine also contain a lot of phosphorus. Serious heart problems and even death are possible if your kidneys are unable to filter. However, most hard drinks do not carry the same risk.
If you have kidney failure or late-stage kidney disease, your doctor may advise you to limit how often you drink alcohol. For some people, it may be best to completely eliminate alcohol from your diet.
Dietary changes
There is no specific diet for people with kidney failure. Guidelines for what to eat will often depend on the stage of your kidney disease and your overall health. Some recommendations may include:
• Limited amounts of sodium and potassium. See how much of these two nutrients you consume. Try to eat less than 2,000 milligrams of sodium (salt) and potassium a day.
• Phosphorus reduction. Like sodium and potassium, it is good to limit the amount of phosphorus you eat per day. Based on a 2019 Trusted Source rating, try to stay below 1,000 milligrams.
• Follow protein instructions. With early and moderate kidney disease, you can change your protein intake. However, in the later stages of kidney failure, you can eat more protein, depending on your doctor's recommendation. In addition to these general instructions, your doctor may also ask you to avoid certain foods if you have kidney disease.
